The negative side of the keto diet – is it really bad for you?

March 25, 2022

Is keto bad for you? Keto diets are good for durable weight loss, but some warn about harmful effects. Learn more about the facts. photo credit: emiliano-vittoriosi-703094-unsplash

Is the Keto diet bad?

 

It is great for weight loss, but "I heard so many bad things about it". We know about the benefits, but lately questions about keto being a harmful diet, has surfaced. I, personally am pleased about how the keto diet has taken on new popularity, both in the USA and abroad. Having taken an interest in this topic since 2012, I am happy to share what I know so far.

Will the keto diet shorten my life?

 

This year, the highly respected medical journal “LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH” made headlines when they published this article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30122560
This article is about "low carbohydrate" diets, and how they think it shortens lifespan. The authors are saying that people should avoid low carbohydrate diets, and to focus instead on plant-based foods instead of meat, eggs, cheese, and protein.
In this observational study, 15,400 people’s past diets were examined and they found that people whose diets both low (< 40% energy) and high (>70% energy) in carbohydrates, were more likely to die, and they concluded that the people who ate moderate amounts of carbohydrates, lived the longest. They also concluded that people who ate meat, cheese, poultry, beef, lamb and chicken did worse in terms of shortened lifespan compared to people who ate plants, legumes, vegetables, and nuts.
Needless to say, the pro-low carbohydrate researchers, including myself, lost no time in examining the details of this study and responding to the editor.

The Lancet journal’s low vs moderate carbohydrate diet has flaws

 

  1. The data was based on only two questionnaires, which were spaced several years apart. Basing your data on the memory of a dieter, and asking them to recall how many cups of milk or how many pieces of fruit they consumed days or weeks ago, is going to be subject to memory lapses and inaccuracies.
  2. The low carbohydrate diet food items were NOT low carb. The people who they claimed ate low carbohydrate diets, were actually consuming well over 140 grams of carbohydrates a day. How can you call this low carb? I would say this borders on moderate to high carb!
  3. If you examined the food items in the low carbohydrate group, there were items such as fruit, chocolate, and ice cream. When were these foods part of a low carbohydrate diet?

Sadly, this article got much-needed press exposure and was published last September 2018.
I wrote a letter to the editor, in response to this. You can read my letter here.
In a nutshell, I pointed out the glaring flaws in this study, and why this study should not jump to the conclusion that low carb, high-fat diets are bad.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(18)30207-X/fulltext

Will the keto diet cause kidney stones?

 

Uric acid will rise, but in our study, it was only for a few days, then it went back to normal. Kidney tests remained stable. In another study, uric acid was increased. They did not detail whether this was temporary. Since the keto diet does have a diuretic effect, do try to drink more fluids and keep hydrated.

 

Will the Keto Diet cause life-threatening ketoacidosis?

 

There is a concern for developing too much blood acidity. Diabetics especially are prone to going into a state where the body creates excessive ketones, usually triggered by a given stress (surgery, infections, trauma). However, when diabetics go on a low carbohydrate diet such as the ketogenic diet, this causes nutritional ketosis. Nutritional ketosis is an entirely different entity and cannot be compared to life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis. The levels of ketones in dietary ketosis are way below the levels that we see in uncontrolled diabetes.
In a study of obese patients who followed the keto diet for four months, researchers found no changes in acidity or bicarbonate blood levels. Fortunately, no increased risk of ketoacidosis was found. (Gomez-Arbelaez, Crujeiras, et al. 2017)
 

Will I lose muscle mass while on a keto diet? Isn't weight loss bad if you have cancer?

 

Tisdale examined the effects of a high-fat diet on rats with transplanted colon cancer. He found that this diet reversed weight loss and reversed muscle wasting. (Tisdale, Brennan et al. 1987)
Fearon however, found the opposite. Ketosis had no effect on rats with transplanted carcinoma sarcoma (Fearon, Tisdale et al. 1985)
Another European study gave volunteers 21 days of a very low carbohydrate diet and found no serious changes in muscle mass. (Colica, Merra et al. 2017)
This is what we call mixed data. I wrote about weight loss in a previous topic. You can read more here

 

Will the keto diet damage my kidneys or liver?

 

The same European study found no changes in bone density, kidney, liver panels. (Colica, Merra et al. 2017). In the published US studies, liver and kidney function remained stable.

 

Will the keto diet cause heart disease and will the fat and cholesterol clog my arteries?

 

There is conflicting, if not absence, of evidence that heart disease or harmful cholesterol levels will result from following a keto diet.

 

Oxidized LDL or bad cholesterol

 

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, but are in liquid form at body temperature. To think that fats will simply plug arteries is rather simplistic. The levels of low-density lipoprotein or LDL cholesterol alone is not the problem. Rather, it is the “oxidized” LDL that can be harmful. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3315351/
LDL when oxidized, can result in the hardening of the arteries.

 

Total versus Good HDL cholesterol ratio also can predict heart disease risk

 

The total level of LDL cholesterol alone is not enough to predict heart disease. What is also important is the ratio between the total cholesterol, and the HDL (good cholesterol) is also important. The higher the ratio, the higher the risk. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/cholesterol-ratio/faq-20058006
In this study, a high carbohydrate, low fat diet resulted in decreases in total and LDL cholesterol. While this might seem like a good thing, there was also a greater decrease in HDL (good) cholesterol. This affected the total cholesterol: HDL ratio, for the worse. Also, the higher-carb group had higher triacylglycerol levels which is a risk factor for heart disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.(Ma, Li et al. 2006)

 

Oxidized lipoprotein was higher in high carb dieters

In another study of 63 healthy volunteers, half of the volunteers were fed a high fat, low carb diet (keto), and the other half fed a high carbohydrate, low-fat diet. After 4 weeks, the group fed the high carbohydrate diet /low-fat diet had much higher levels of oxidized lipoprotein compared to the group fed high fat/low carb. (Faghihnia, Tsimikas et al. 2010)
In a European study by Colica et al, the ketogenic diet did not cause changes in cholesterol or lipid blood tests.

 

Cholesterol levels remained stable even after 8 to 16 weeks on keto 

The Veterans ketogenic diet study found stable lipid panels in almost all the patients who did the modified keto diet over 8 to 16 weeks. One patient had an increase in LDL cholesterol while another had a significant drop. The rest of the participants had no change in LDL cholesterol. (Tan-Shalaby 2017)

Keto diets keeps glucose steady. Increases total and good (HDL) cholesterol

A study in Ireland recruited 30 people and put half of them on a low carbohydrate, high-fat diet. The other half was on a standard diet. After three weeks, the total cholesterol was higher in the low carb, high fat group. The low carb high fat group also had higher levels of the HDL or good cholesterol. Uric acid was increased, but the blood tests that measured C-reactive protein showed no increase in body inflammation. Glucose levels also did not drop, and remained stable. The LDL cholesterol levels were more erratic. For some, the increase was minute (5%), while for others, the increase was huge ( 107%). (Retterstol, Svendsen, et al. 2018)

 

Bad breath and constipation

As if the above were not enough, now we have to deal with "ketone breath." Once ketosis is achieved, some of the ketones escape as the fruity breath odor of acetone. Mouthwash might be a simple solution.
Keto diets can also cause constipation, which is due to low fiber intake. Adding more fiber while continuing to count carbs, is reasonable. Try adding MCT ( medium chain triglyceride) oil or coconut oil to your diet. This move might help improve some of that constipation since MCT oil does cause the opposite effect, which is some diarrhea. Increase your fluid intake.

 

Summary

 

While there are a few annoying side effects, (bad breath and constipation), most of the negatives to the keto diet are either manageable or unfounded.
The evidence that low carbohydrate diets are linked to heart disease is actually very weak. The studies that were published usually centered around linking high-fat diets and high protein diets to heart disease. But if you examine those studies, you will find that the people who ate high fat or high protein/meat diets, were also eating high or moderate amounts of carbohydrates.
The high fat/protein/meat studies from the 1980s and 1990s, all do not have patients on low carb. Low carb/keto diets were not yet in fashion at the time!
While all this is interesting, the jury is still out. But emerging data in favor of the keto / low carb, the high-fat approach seems to indicate to me that it is the combination of high fat plus moderate or high carbohydrate, which may be harmful. Not just the fat alone.

 

References

 

Colica, C., G. Merra, A. Gasbarrini, A. De Lorenzo, G. Cioccoloni, P. Gualtieri, M. A. Perrone, S. Bernardini, V. Bernardo, L. Di Renzo and M. Marchetti (2017). "Efficacy and safety of very-low-calorie ketogenic diet: a double blind randomized crossover study." Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 21(9): 2274-2289.
Faghihnia, N., S. Tsimikas, E. R. Miller, J. L. Witztum and R. M. Krauss (2010). "Changes in lipoprotein(a), oxidized phospholipids, and LDL subclasses with a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet." J Lipid Res 51(11): 3324-3330.
Fearon, K. C., M. J. Tisdale, T. Preston, J. A. Plumb and K. C. Calman (1985). "Failure of systemic ketosis to control cachexia and the growth rate of the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats." Br J Cancer 52(1): 87-92.
Gomez-Arbelaez, D., A. B. Crujeiras, A. I. Castro, A. Goday, A. Mas-Lorenzo, A. Bellon, C. Tejera, D. Bellido, C. Galban, I. Sajoux, P. Lopez-Jaramillo and F. F. Casanueva (2017). "Acid-base safety during the course of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet." Endocrine 58(1): 81-90.
Ma, Y., Y. Li, D. E. Chiriboga, B. C. Olendzki, J. R. Hebert, W. Li, K. Leung, A. R. Hafner and I. S. Ockene (2006). "Association between carbohydrate intake and serum lipids." J Am Coll Nutr 25(2): 155-163.
Retterstol, K., M. Svendsen, I. Narverud and K. B. Holven (2018). "Effect of low carbohydrate high fat diet on LDL cholesterol and gene expression in normal-weight, young adults: A randomized controlled study." Atherosclerosis 279: 52-61.
Tan-Shalaby, J. (2017). "Ketogenic Diets and Cancer: Emerging Evidence." Fed Pract 34(Suppl 1): 37S-42S.
Tisdale, M. J., R. A. Brennan and K. C. Fearon (1987). "Reduction of weight loss and tumour size in a cachexia model by a high fat diet." Br J Cancer 56(1): 39-43.

Exploring the Link Between Cancer and Weight Loss:

March 14, 2024
Breaking Down the Fear  Ketogenic diets often result in weight loss. Cancer patients frequently lose weight. Does this mean that keto diets are harmful to use in cancer patients? Cancer and weight loss are two topics that often come hand in hand, yet the relationship between them can be complex and sometimes frightening. Weight loss, particularly unexplained or rapid, can evoke fear in many individuals, often signaling underlying severe health concerns. However, when it comes to cancer, weight loss can sometimes be one of the earliest signs of the disease. In today's blog, we delve into the connection between cancer and weight loss, unraveling why the latter often instills fear and how understanding this relationship can lead to better health outcomes. Understanding Cancer and Weight Loss: Cancer involves uncontrolled cell growth and abnormal spread of cells throughout the body. These invading cells affect various organs and systems and disrupt their normal function. Weight loss can be very subtle or profound depending on the type of organ invaded. As cancer takes root and establishes itself, it also spews out cytokines (unique inflammatory proteins) that also serve as signal messengers, signaling muscles to lose volume, resulting in a weight loss phenomenon known as cachexia. Cachexia is a complex syndrome. Inflammation is often at the root of this problem, of profound muscle wasting, generalized fatigue, and poor appetite, Why Are We Afraid of Weight Loss? Weight loss, in general, is often perceived negatively in society. There's a prevailing notion that thinness equates to health, beauty, and success, while weight loss may imply illness or a lack of control. However, when weight loss occurs without intentional dieting or exercise, it can be a red flag for underlying health issues, including cancer. In cancer, especially, the presence of weight loss is disturbing because we traditionally associate it with illness. Association with Illness: Unexplained weight loss is commonly associated with illness, particularly severe conditions like cancer. The fear of the unknown and the potential implications of such weight loss can be daunting for individuals. To be of "normal" weight is equated with health. Loss of Control: Weight loss, especially rapid or involuntary, can make individuals feel like they've lost control over their bodies. This loss of power can be unsettling and exacerbate feelings of anxiety or fear. Uncertainty: Weight loss without a clear cause can be perplexing and raise questions about what might happen within the body. The uncertainty surrounding the underlying cause can contribute to fear and anxiety. During chemotherapy, however, weight loss is inevitable because we are in a catabolic state. The active cancer is making us lose weight. The key is to control or snuff out the underlying cancer. Once you weaken the tumor, less cytokine release and less inflammation will follow. As this occurs, the "source" of the cytokine release will die, and weight gain should naturally recover. Therefore, loading up on carbohydrates to make us appear to be of "normal weight" is incorrect. Loading up on sugary treats will only strengthen the cancer and will only be counterproductive! Conclusion: The fear of weight loss, particularly in the context of cancer, is understandable, given the potential implications for health and well-being. However, by understanding the complex relationship between cancer and weight loss and challenging societal stigmas, we can accept some form of healthy weight loss during chemotherapy. We can learn to recognize unhealthy weight loss (loss of muscle mass) and differentiate it from healthy weight loss during a ketogenic diet (most of which is weight loss from fat and excess water). As long as one feels energetic, with normal blood parameters and no indication of significant liver or kidney failure, anemia, or marrow failure, then some healthy weight loss during chemotherapy or implementation of a ketogenic diet CAN be acceptable.

GINGER ALE DURING CHEMOTHERAPY

March 4, 2024
Are you still drinking "ginger ale" during your chemotherapy sessions? You know, those gleaming, chilled cans of sparkly soda that your cheerful chemotherapy nurse hands out along with your anti nausea pills?  The scent and the taste of ginger help nausea stay away. But did you know that your "ginger ale" contains no ginger? Worse, the HFCS high fructose corn syrup, a highly processed sugar, can do you more harm than good. And making your cancer cells really happy. Next time you go for your chemo session, ask for water instead. Or better yet, bring your own ginger-infused drink from home. Here is some background about ginger. For centuries, ginger has been used as a remedy for nausea and digestive issues, and some scientific evidence supports its effectiveness. Here are some examples. Morning Sickness: Pregnant women often experience morning sickness, and ginger has been traditionally used to alleviate these symptoms. Several studies have shown that ginger can reduce nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. For example, a meta-analysis published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research in 2014 concluded that ginger supplementation significantly reduced the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women without any significant side effects. Motion Sickness: Ginger is effective in reducing motion sickness. A study published in Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 1986 found that ginger was more effective than a placebo in reducing symptoms of motion sickness. Subsequent studies have supported these findings, suggesting ginger can alleviate symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and cold sweating associated with motion sickness. Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy experience nausea and vomiting. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2009 published a review that analyzed several randomized controlled trials and found that ginger supplementation could reduce the severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea. Postoperative Nausea: Nausea and vomiting are common after surgery. A meta-analysis published in the journal Integrative Cancer Therapies in 2012 found that ginger effectively reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to a placebo. However, we need more research to fully understand its mechanisms and best dosage. Everyone responds differently, but ginger, in its natural form, is usually safe to take during chemotherapy. Just make sure its the real thing! Photo credit Dan Sorum @ unsplash

Welcome to all our new members

January 30, 2023
Welcome to all our new members

Getting Started On A Keto Diet

May 17, 2022
Getting started on the keto diet usually sounds like someone is trying to lose weight? When you add cancer to that recipe, it becomes a whole new ball game. Do any of these thoughts sound familiar? “ I want to fight my cancer , and I heard that this diet can help me heal “ “ I’m confused because the keto diet will make me lose weight” “I’m afraid to lose more weight.” “I can’t afford to lose weight! “ “When is weight loss just right, and when is it too much? “ Is there real hope for me? Over the past two decades, I’ve seen my share of cancer patients. Yup, the whole package - diagnosis, anxiety, chemo, radiation, hair loss, weight loss, and, failures. But, I also saw many patients who achieve clean CT scans, remission, happy news, hair growth, and of course, the coveted weight gain. I have my own collection of patients with stage four cancers, a few have actually reached their ten to twelve year anniversary with me. Most of them have made it past five years and some are in complete remission. Yes, stage four to stage zero! How did they do it? You may have come to this website, searching for answers. I wish that I could tell you all that I know, in one sentence, but I can’t. It usually takes me several office visits to educate my patients. For now, you can stick around, and try to absorb the knowledge from current posts. Take time to read through my past blogs. Signup for a keto conference. There is one coming up very soon. The MHS 2022 in Santa Barbara California. May 5 to 8. Read books, and more books. You might be surprised. Not all books are the same. Some are full of dense material, while some are mostly fluff. But eventually, you will find the right book for you. Join me in one of my subgroups. But you need to fit the profile and be past the beginners stage when you join. Or you might get bored! I do show up there from time to time, to break the ice. And by the way, when you are stuck and can’t find the answers you are looking for...you need to make your voice heard and post your questions. What if my cancer doctor doesn’t approve? If your cancer doctor doesn’t know much about the keto lifestyle, or about metabolic approaches to cancer, don’t lose hope. Try to educate them, Share your knowledge. Even if they are at first resistant, with time, some will marvel at your progress and will notice that you are doing better than their average patients. Finally... the number one question that shows up on my blog.... What diet is best for me? I’m so CONFUSED! “ Dr. XXX on YouTube said that a keto diet and weight loss is good for cancer, but another doctor YYY said the opposite, that I should eat, healthy carbs, more plants, fruit , avoid fat and protein, try to gain weight. “ Dr. WWW advocates a vegan diet, but Dr ZZZ said do a carnivore diet.... , help!!!! Let me know your thoughts in the comments below!

New drug for relapsed Glioblastoma, a deadly form of brain cancer

March 30, 2022
There is exciting news on the horizon for glioblastoma, which is a deadly form of brain cancer. Have you heard of activated T cell therapy? It is similar to the car-T cell therapies that you often hear about for blood cancers. Well, this form of therapy is now available for patients with brain cancers. The catch is, you must enroll in a clinical trial. It is not yet available to the public. To qualify, one must have glioblastoma, a form of brain cancer , and cancer must have relapsed after the first diagnosis. Patients who are interested are now able to ask for information about enrolment at the Cedars Sinai Medical Centre in Los Angeles. This trial will be classified under a Phase one type of clinical trial. The drug company, Kairos pharma is the sponsor. This exciting new therapy, otherwise known as KROS 201, is a form of activated T cell therapy. The patient’s white blood cells are first harvested. Blood is removed by a simple intravenous blood draw, and then sent off to the lab to be processed in a cell culture. In the lab, the white blood cells are primed by exposing them to small protein substances called cytokines. This process will in turn activate the white blood cells, specifically the killer T cells. Once activated, these cells can now fight cancer by inactivating cancer stem cells. The T cells are returned to the patient’s body by intravenous infusion. The link for enrolment is not yet available but do keep checking on www.clinicaltrials.gov

Mistletoe plus chemotherapy in non small cell lung cancer

March 25, 2022
Iscador, a type of mistletoe preparation was tested by a medical team in Israel alongside conventional chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer. Although no improvement in survival or quality of life was noted,non hematological side effects from the chemotherapy and hospitalizations were less in the group which received the mistle toe preparation. Possible yet unproven mechanisms of action include improvement of immune function via increasing the number of NK natural killer cells as well as improve the function of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha. Fever which is also a noted side effect of this preparation has been described prior to spontaneous regression of certain cancers such as melanoma implying a possible role of immunotherapy in the fight against cancer. No randomized trials on cancer patients have yet been published. 

Brain cancer – Challenges with the ketogenic diet

March 25, 2022
We made little progress in the way of survival in the treatment of malignant brain tumors, specifically the deadly glioblastoma multiform. Despite aggressive surgery followed by radiation therapy and precautionary chemotherapy, they relapse early and survival is measured in months. Patients rarely survive beyond a year. Alternative therapies abound with few successes. Some patients attempt to enroll in clinical trials in search of new drugs that might make a difference in their survival.  There is a biologic treatment available. It is the monoclonal antibody called Bevacizumab. It supposedly controls the growth of blood vessels that supply nutrition to the brain tumor. Shrinking the blood supply supposedly starves the tumor. Very exciting, but nonetheless isn't a cure. Long term survivors still remain a rarity. There is mounting interest in metabolic basis of cancer development. In this respect, I do feel that ketogenic diets have potential benefit in brain cancer patients. The role of sugar and carbohydrates in the progression of brain tumors is interesting. Since most patients also are on steroids to improve brain swelling. It is also bad for them because this also increases their blood glucose. I wonder, if we are indeed adding fuel to the fire. A few case reports of brain tumor patients who were offered the ketogenic diet showed that some tumors stopped growing while others improved their survival. Notably, upon discontinuation of the diet, the tumor was noted to again progress, only to regain control upon reinitiation. Currently there are 4 clinical trials ongoing in the United States involving the ketogenic diet in the treatment of various forms of cancer. Another is ongoing in Germany. More clinical trial participation is desperately needed if we are going to move ahead and forge any progress with this deadly cancer. =

Lonsurf, newly approved colon cancer drug

March 25, 2022
Three weeks ago I got word that another new chemotherapy drug has been approved for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Ideal candidates for this drug are patients who failed previous chemotherapy involving one of the following drugs: 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, Cetuximab (also known as Erbitux) and Avastin ( also known as Bevacizumab).This new drug has two active components, trifluridine and tipiracil. Trifluridine is a new nucleoside analog. In other words, a nucleoside is a nitrogen containing biologic compound linked to a sugar, which when phosphorylated, turns into a nucleotide, which is a vital part of the DNA backbone. Trifluridine therefore is a nucleoside analog, meaning it isn't but acts like a nucleoside. It incorporates itself into the DNA structure and interferes with cell growth and proliferation. Tipiracil inhibits the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase, which catalyzes the degradation of Trifluridine, thus allowing it to last longer. Thymidine phosphorylase by itself has pro-angiogenic properties, meaning it promotes blood vessel formation and encourages better blood supply of tumors, so Tipiracil directly stops this advantage. Furthermore, Tipiracil by stopping thymidine phosphorylase, prevents the formation of thymine and 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate. 2DARP is a strong reducing sugar product of thymidine catabolism and causes increased oxidative stress within tumors, promotes release of more tumor blood vessel promoting factors ( angiogenic growth factors) such as interleukin-8, vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 an enzyme which breaks down collagen and extracelular matrix, which is key in promoting tumor metastases. This three mode action of tipiracil ( inhibits thymine production, thymidine phosphorylase VEGF activity, stops ROS and MMP-1 , VEGF and cytokine production)- makes it more attractive since it can potentiate the action of the common colorectal chemotherapy drug 5- fluorouracil whose main action is to inhibit formation of thymine. The RECOURSE trial, a —international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer apparently resulted in statistically significant improvement in overall survival and progression free survival . The drug is given orally, twice a day, for two straight weeks, minus weekends, followed by a two week break. Side effects are listed as anemia, neutropenia, asthenia/fatigue, nausea, —thrombocytopenia, decreased appetite, diarrhea,vomiting, abdominal pain,—pyrexia. Since it is barely a month since FDA approval ( Sept. 24, 2015) it still has not hit our pharmacy shelves. I am however eager to try this. Will update you again in a few months. 

Getting into ketosis

March 25, 2022
How long does it take to get into a state of clinical ketosis? By ketosis, I mean the levels of beta-hydroxybutyric acid reaching to above normal levels yet not high enough to bring you into a medical emergency such as ketoacidosis. As little as a day is all it takes. You an achieve this in different ways. The most common and sure fire method is to simply stop eating. If you fast and only limit your intake to water or sugarless herbal , which technically has ZERO calories, you will achieve a state of ketosis in no time. Another way is to try fasting for 15 hours a day, or roughly, just eat one full meal daily. this should bring you into ketosis too, though not all 24 hours are involved. If you try a ketogenic diet, that means, you will be limiting your carbohydrate intake to approximately 20% of your total daily intake, and take the rest in the form of fats ( 70-75%) and proteins (5 to 10%).  Monitoring your progress will be helpful. A simple glucometer will suffice. Individual serum Ketone sticks, readily available from Amazon.com or special order through your pharmacy can be used to check your ketone levels throughout the week.

Update on clinical trials of the ketogenic diet in cancer

March 25, 2022
Several clinical trials are ongoing throughout the United States at the moment.  The University of Iowa Department of Radiation Oncology is running a couple of Phase I trials on the use of the ketogenic diet plus radiation and chemotherapy in head and neck cancers, and they also have another which studies the ketogenic diet plus chemoradiation in non-small cell lung cancers and pancreatic cancer. Michigan State University has one which recruited brain cancers, also known as glioblastomas, a very deadly type of brain cancer. Duke University recently began a randomized trial studying the ketogenic diet plus androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer , using the ketogenic diet versus a control standard diet. Unfortunately per recent info posted on the clinicaltrials.gov website, the trial was terminated as of December 2015, due to lack of funding, and due to the principal investigator leaving . Closer to home, the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Pittsburgh has their own trial which recently concluded in 2015. This trial recruited patients with advanced solid tumors across broad tumor types and patients dieted up to 16 weeks or until tolerated. The results have not yet been publicly released as it is currently under manuscript review.
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